Commonly Treatment Conditions:
Neurological Conditions
A. Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition in the world after Alzimer’s. It is affecting slightly over 1 percent of the global population over the age of 60. The disease is considered to be progressive and irreversible.
Two types of Parkinson’s Disease: 1. Tremor predominant 2. Rigidity-bradykinesia predominant
Symptoms of Parkinson’s been classified into motor and non motor symptoms
Main motor symptoms of Parkinson’s - Iinvoluntary Shaking (Tremor) - Stiffness or inflexibility of the limbs (Rigidity) - Slowness or absence of movement (Bradykinesia) - Poor balance (Postural instability)
Non motor symptoms of Parkinson’s been divided into three categories:
1. Psychiatric: Anxiety; Depression, Dementia, Fatigue, sleep dysfunction etc 2. Autonomic: Orthostatic hypotension, Urinary difficulties, Constipation, Dyspnoea etc. 3. Sensory/pain: Tingling sensation, Akathisia, Diffuse pain etc.
Rehab focus:
Exercise has been proven to maintain health and well-being in Parkinson’s and more importantly, it has shown to play a big role in slowing down the progression of your symptoms.
We use our patented reviver machines as the main mode of treatment. The REVIVER effectively tilts the body “off-axis” to gravity in slow, passive and radial wavelike motions through 360 degrees. This causes muscles involved to tension and relax in a consistent and uniform manner in the reflexes trying to maintain the body in an upright position. It helps to improve strength, balance and coordination.
We keep a goal-based approach in the clinic. We assess the patients and create short- and long-term goals. Goals will be different on each patient due to the fact that Parkinson’s affects everyone differently.
B. Stroke:
Stroke refers to the sudden death of brain tissue by the lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply. It is the second leading cause of disability globally and 90% of stroke survivors are left with some disability.
There are two major types of strokes:
1. Ischæmic stroke: It is a blockage or reduction of blood flow in an artery that feeds that area of the brain. This is one of the most common cause of stroke. (An ischemic stroke occurs when an artery is blocked by a blood clot. This type of stroke may result from clogged arteries, called atherosclerosis. When fat, cholesterol and other substances collect on the artery walls, they form a sticky substance called plaque, which over time builds up and makes it hard for blood to flow properly to the brain.) An infract is the area of the brain that has died because of lack of oxygen. 2. Hemorrhagic stroke: Stroke results from bleeding within and around the brain causing compression and tissue injury. Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is known as Intracerebral hemorrhage and is primarily caused by hypertension.
Rehabilitation:
“There is strong evidence that physical activity and exercise after stroke can improve cardiovascular fitness, walking ability, and upper arm strength. In addition, emerging research suggests exercise may improve depressive symptoms, cognitive function, memory, and quality of life after stroke.” - University of Kansas Medical Centre
Principle behind stroke Rehabilitation: Recovery after a stroke is possible because the human brain is capable of reorganizing and retraining itself through neuroplasticity. When you perform repetitive physical tasks, you tap into this ability by retraining unaffected parts of your brain to perform functions that your damaged brain cells once performed. In simple terms, neuroplasticity is the process of “rewiring” the brain to perform tasks through different neural pathways.
C. Traumatic Brain Injury:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function.
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a blow to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the normal function of the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue.
Symptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate or severe, depending on the extent of damage to the brain. Mild cases may result in a brief change in mental state or consciousness, while severe cases may result in extended periods of unconsciousness, coma or even death.
Acquired brain injury is an umbrella term for all brain injuries.
An acquired brain injury (ABI) is an injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced by birth trauma. Essentially, this type of brain injury is one that has occurred after birth. The injury results in a change to the brain’s neuronal activity, which affects the physical integrity, metabolic activity, or functional ability of nerve cells in the brain.
There are two types of acquired brain injury: traumatic and non-traumatic.
1. Traumatic Brain Injury
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force. Traumatic impact injuries can be defined as closed (or non-penetrating) or open (penetrating). Examples of a TBI include: - Falls - Assaults - Motor vehicle accidents - Sports injuries
2. Non-Traumatic Brain Injury
Often referred to as an acquired brain injury, a non-traumatic brain injury causes damage to the brain by internal factors, such as a lack of oxygen, exposure to toxins, pressure from a tumor, etc. Examples of NTBI include: - Stroke - Near-drowning - Aneurysm - Tumor - Infectious disease that affects the brain (i.e., meningitis) - Lack of oxygen supply to the brain (i.e., heart attack)
Rehabilitation is broadly defined as “a problem-solving educational process aimed at reducing disability and handicap experienced as a result of disease or injury”.
Rehabilitation:
With Traumatic brain injury focus on rehabilitation is to help the person achieve the maximum degree of return to their previous level of functioning within limits imposed by their residual physical, functional and cognitive impairments.
After TBI, return of function is not restricted to physical reintegration but also includes reintegration in the social, emotional, community and vocational domains.
Exercise based rehabilitation mainly focuses on achieving the following:
- Improves functional strength - Establishes the mind body connection. - Improve endurance. - Improves balance/coordination - Boosts memory/mood - Can ease symptoms of chronic illnesses - Improve/ maintain ROM and spasticity
In Isodynamics we are seeing patients with traumatic brain Injuries. How we stand out of the traditional rehabilitation platform is the use of our Patented reviver machines. The patient will be standing or lying on a bed - the change of gravity helps to create isometric strength which helps to improve strength, exercise tolerance, balance and coordination. The Reviver uniquely tilts people off their centre of gravity to generate a response from the musculature of their body to restabilise from falling off balance, as well as hyper stimulate the vestibular system reaction.
Based on individual client’s needs - we customise the rehab program. You will experience different scopes of practices and procedures which include: Exercise Physiology, Physiotherapy, Chiropractors, Dietitians etc.
D. Multiple sclerosis:
The immune system is made up of several different kinds of cells that work together to protect the body from bacteria, viruses and other harmful pathogens. An autoimmune disorder occurs when a person's immune system mistakenly attacks their own body tissues. Multiple Sclerosis is an auto-immune disease and it occurs when the immune system starts to mistakenly attack the central nervous system. The cause of the scenario is still unknown.
The central nervous system controls nerves all over the body. The nerves outside of the central nervous system, such as the nerves in your arms and legs, are called the peripheral nervous system. Because the central nervous system controls the peripheral nervous system, damage to the central nervous system can lead to symptoms all over the body. When this happens, lymphocytes (one of the cells of the immune system) cross the blood-brain barrier (a membrane that separates the blood from the fluid that surrounds the brain) and attack the myelin insulating the nerve cells of the central nervous system. This causes the myelin to break down. When the myelin breaks down, it becomes harder for the nerve cells to transmit electrical signals. It can interfere with the body's ability to transmit information and can lead to MS symptoms.
The main 4 stages or types of MS are:
1.Clinically Isolated Syndrome ((CIS)
2. Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)
3. Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS) 4. Primary-progressive MS (PPMS)
Symptoms: MS symptoms are varied and effect people differently based on which part of the central nervous system is affected and to what degree. Common symptoms are: increased fatigue symptoms which include heat sensitivity, muscle spasms and weakness, poor balance and coordination, spasticity, pain, poor proprioception, reduced mobility and function, vestibular changes, tremor, visual disturbances, bladder and bowel changes.
EXERCISE REHABILITATION:
Exercise therapy covers a spectrum of exercise modalities ranging from endurance training to resistance training. Some symptoms and functional deficits are present during the early stages of MS like Fatigue, Gait, cognition.
Early implementation / intervention with supervised exercise rehabilitation helps to reduce or even slow down the early symptoms. The main beneficial effects of ongoing or regular exercise will prove beneficial towards fatigue, balance, walking, cognition, depressive symptoms, and quality of life.
The main goals for MS rehab are:
(i) cardio-aerobic/endurance (interval training)
(ii) core strength (The focus is on muscles of the axial, pelvic, and abdominal regions)
(iii) peripheral muscle strength: Peripheral muscle strength will focus on the major muscle groups with a particular emphasis on anti-gravity muscles like Abdominals Erector Spinae, Gluteus Maximus, Hip Flexors, Quadriceps, Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis, Anterior etc.
(iv) power: Power exercises will train strength per unit time and will focus on muscles required for activities done inbursts such as stair climbing, rising from a chair, getting up from the floor, running, and jumping.
(v) flexibility: Stretching for spasticity management.
Isodynamics Reviver device employs a variety of proprietary design features which activates automatic muscular contractions, assisting motion and generating neuromodulation to treat neuromuscular diseases with exercises. The Reviver device is a new innovative solution for patients that need the benefits of exercise to tone and condition their musculoskeletal system more naturally, even if they are capable of lying, sitting or standing in a static position due to the disability. The Reviver uniquely tilts people off their centre of gravity to generate a response from the musculature of their body to restabilise from falling off balance, as well as hyper stimulate the vestibular system reaction. Along with Reviver therapy based on each client’s goals and changing goals over the period of time we target to enhance exercise capacity, exercise efficiency, functional ambulation, strength, and components of quality of life including frequency and intensity of fatigue symptoms etc using different exercise equipment and different scopes of practices which include Exercise Physiology, Physiotherapy, Chiropractic, Dietitians etc.
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